Financial Reporting and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Reporting and Analysis - Essay Example NBA franchise and other intangible assets have a value of $164,703 $164702 and $165 035 in years 1996, 1997, and 1998 respectively. This shows that the method of amortisation reflect the pattern of the usage of assets in generation of income. NBA intangible assets are defined in cost less amortisation that has accumulated. Straight line method spread over the useful estimated lives of the intangible assets which is generally 3-7 years provides the amortisation. b) Discontinued operations are referred to as parts of an entity that has been sold or has been put into held for sale grouping. While evaluating the future success prospects of an organization, an investor who has existed or a potential investor who will invest in future would remove the discontinued operations from consideration because these items have no bearing or effects on the future. The concern of the management is that some operations are discontinued to improve the results of the continuing operations. The operation s and cash flows of the part has been removed from the ongoing operations and the entity will not have a significant involvement in the operations of the discontinued part after the transaction of disposal is made. c) Team costs and expenses increased between 1996 and 1997 from $27,891,264 to $40,941,156. This is because of after discontinuing some operations, it would require a major effort to re-establish the operation and requires significant effort and budget to continue the operations as before. This may need extra marketing, extra staffing. There can be a possibility of increase in the cost of living between the two years which would subsequently raise the amount of team costs and expenses. d) Net income was $420,306 and $12,267,317 in year 1997 and 1998 respectively. This was a hefty rise in the value of income. This is because of higher revenue that was gained. Higher revenue resulted from ticket sales and also from Television and radio broadcasting fees in 2008. By constant winning of games, heavy promotion and advertisement through the television and broadcast and also through reaching a wide fan base by selling many tickets resulted to the higher income. Through maintaining lower expenses such as team costs and expenses, selling and promotion, general and administrative in the year 1998 resulted to an increase in net income. e) Noting that net income was higher in 1996, distributions declared were higher in 1998 than in 1996, with $0.50 per unit. Distributions are that portion of corporate profits that is made by a corporation to its shareholders. Net income can either be re-invested in the business or distributed to stockholders. In 1996, the main source of the net income was from the discontinued operations income. This income was better invested back to the business instead of distributing it to the shareholders. This would help avoid double taxation and be realised as capital gains. Case 10-7 Cash movements and Periodic Income Determination a) I ncome determination is not an exact science. It is the best estimate of determination of what will be the base of individuals’ income on the evidence the individual presents. The base period can be the month for which revenue verification and identification of an individual is a requirement. Month’s income is used for the projection of income. Income averaged and a conversion factor can be used to reach at a quantifiable monthly income. b) Cash flow estimation is the prediction whose main purpose is the anticipation of the disbursements and receipts of cash. It is a fixed amount of time that it covers. Cash sensitivity and aggressiveness determines the penetration

Final Project Outline Essay Example for Free

Final Project Outline Essay 1. Slide One (Introduction): â€Å"Should there be a set of uniform moral standards?† Speaker Notes: With the way the worlds is today and as the younger kids begin to mature, they have not been taught morals and if they have been taught morals, they seem to leave them at their door step as they venture out into the world of society. In order for society to live in peace and harmony, the United States would need to create uniform moral standards where everyone would have the expectation of abiding by the standards supported by laws. 2. Slide two: Moral Standards Speaker Notes: Morals are described as how people should behave when it comes to right and wrong. Some moral standards could be absolutely no prejudice, absolutely no lying, and people must treat other people with respect and courtesy. 3. Third slide: Levels of punishment. Speaker Notes- Levels of punishment should vary based on the crime committed. When one has a first time offense, one should receive a lower level punishment verse someone who continues to be a repeat offender, which would deserve the maximum punishment. I strongly believe that if a set of uniform moral standards were put into place the world would be a better place. Crime and corruption would be down. Maybe they should think about the way that foreign countries have a â€Å"set of uniform moral standards,† such as if someone is caught stealing they lose a finger. There will always be people who will disagree to the standards but that is to be expected because some people just are set in there ways but that comes with the territory and they deal with the issues now so what would be the difference? 4. Fourth slide: Deciding Moral Standards Speaker Notes- Based on a voting system, a sheet containing morals standards would be dispersed and the ones that not voted for would be taken off the sheet. After a final review and decision, the U.S. would forward the sheet to Congress for a concrete decision and then become a law. 5. Fifth slide: Society and Moral Standards Speaker Notes: Society and Moral Standards would have to be implemented and given a chance to work before a proper judgment could be decided. Until this happens they would be looked at in a negative way. Even though our country is in an economic crisis, others are still moving here because their country is in worse shape than ours. With the way of the world today people are just walking around in a self-centered mode worrying about them and having no conscience of their moral or ethical accountability. Negativity seems to plague this world like a man-made disease. 6. Sixth slide: Retribution Speaker Notes: This seems to be the only way to get people to understand what is going on. Standards have to be set and followed and if they are not followed or laws are broken then the responsible parties that are disobedient to the laws or standards have to be held accountable and punished to be taught a lesson and possibly send a message to future people who intend to do the same. 7. Seventh slide: The Supreme Court Speaker Notes: Beings that the Supreme Court is the highest ranking court in the U.S., having them make the final decision on moral standards will send the message that the standards are set in stone and are not open for review. This gives the people a chance to vote and set their own standards that they themselves have voted in and must abide by. 8. Eighth slide: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Speaker Notes: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) created the â€Å"Categorical Imperative†, in which he believed that practical reasoning, free will, and necessary action are what drives a person to do what they feel is right. 9. Ninth slide: John Locke (1632-1704) Speaker Notes: The freedom of religion and natural rights was promoted and endorsed by John Locke who was a huge activist. He felt that survival continued to breathe because of following God’s law that coincides with a  natural moral law. He was a firm believer of â€Å"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.† If people continue to live right then eventually God’s law will prevail. 10. Tenth slide: St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Speaker Notes: St. Aquinas was a Christian who made the Five Ways. These ways were a way that this philosopher looked to prove that God was real. Being a believer in God this philosopher had faith in what was right and what was wrong. Cosmological argument, moral argument, and the argument of design made up the Five Ways that this philosopher created. 11. Eleventh slide (conclusion): Speaker Notes: I strongly believe that if a set of uniform moral standards were put into place the world would be a better place. Crime and corruption would be down. Maybe they should think about the way that foreign countries have a â€Å"set of uniform moral standards,† such as if someone is caught stealing they lose a finger. There will always be people who will disagree to the standards but that is to be expected because some people just are set in there ways but that comes with the territory and they deal with the issues now so what would be the difference? No matter where we go in this world there will be people who have good morals, bad morals, and some just will not care. The bottom line is as a living species on this earth one must be able to improvise, over come, and adapt to their surroundings whether it is to their benefit or not. Moore Bruder, 2008 Retrieved September 15, 2010 from Axia College PHI105 website

lorraine hansberry-an annotated bibliography :: essays research papers fc

Lorraine Hansberry: An Annotated Bibliography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lorraine Vivian Hansberry was born May 19, 1930 in Chicago and raised in a middle-class family. When Hansberry was only eight years old she had her first experience with civil rights. Her father fought a lengthy legal battle in the late 1930’s against harsh covenants which kept Chicago’s blacks in the ghettos. To make a statement the family moved into an all white neighborhood which was against the law at that time. The house was often vandalized and the children were faced with hostility as they walked to and from school. Hansberry’s father fought the city’s Jim Crow laws all the way to the Supreme Court and won. This whole experience would later serve as an inspiration for Lorraine Hansberry’s play â€Å"A raisin in the Sun†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hansberry attended the University of Wisconsin for two years and then studied painting in Chicago and Mexico, before she realized she had no talent for it. Moving to New York in 1950, she held many jobs, while perfecting her skill as a writer. Hansberry said, â€Å"A woman who is willing to be herself and pursue her own potential runs not so much the risk of loneliness as the challenge of exposure to more interesting men- and people in general†. She became involved in the civil rights movement and married a white jewish man; their marriage would only last a few years before Hansberry began exploring her feelings for women. She joined the Daughter of Blitis, a pioneering lesbian organization and had two letters published in their journal, â€Å"The Ladder†. However, it was for her play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, that she received her praise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hansberry was the first black to direct a play on Broadway since 1907. â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award. Hansberry was also named

Developing Customer Relations Essay

1.0 Introduction Customer service is the provision of service to customer before during and after a purchase also it’s the ability of an organisation to recognise and consistently meet its customers’ need Employees may find them self in a situation that they sold a product and the customer is been arrogant saying it is faulty they need to stay calm 2.0 Providing Customer Service A new employee can provide good customer service by been well presented on their first day and wearing their uniform appropriately greeting the customer politely. 3.0 Presentation Skills In this section I am going to say why presentation skills are important to customer service Skill Why it is important As this is merit grade work, I need to expand each box. You need at least three points for each on why this is important Examples from business You need a couple of examples from businesses in each box Personal presentation e.g. personal hygiene, uniform/ dress, hair, makeup jewellery The way an employee presents himself identifies who they are. It is important because your presentation of your self and the business is the customer first opinion if they business is dirty then the customer wouldn’t come there again Customers in Tesco & Sainsbury’s wear uniform to make them look smart and they have to wear the uniform properly for example an employee might wear his uniform but not wear it smartly like not tucking in his shirt in companies like B & Q the employees dress to stand out by wearing bright orange Also in the police force it is required to wear uniform Body language e.g. posture, facial expression, smiling, gestures, eye contact Body language has an impact on the customer’s perception of how friendly the staffs are. The body language of an employee is important because it shows how the employee feels about the customer and how approachable they are If a customer ask a staff in a company like Primark â€Å"where is the T shirts† and they are frowning it means the staff there is unfriendly In JD Sports if it is empty and there are no customers in there and the employees have a conversation then a customer comes in and has a query, the employee might frown when he comes in because he is interrupting his conversation Presentation of work area and equipment The presentation of the work area shows how prepared the staff are and how good the environment, it is important because it shows how prepared they are to start business and also the presentation shows how hygienic they are If in McDonalds the tables are dirty it will put off customers and they wouldn’t eat in there Greeting Customers, Courtesy, Confidence, Interest, Thoughtfulness It is important because it shows that the employee cares that a customer is there and it makes the customer feel welcome If you greet a customer every time they come in to your business they would attract more customers to your business by telling them how polite employees in the business are Responding to different customer behaviour, Tact, Efficiency It is important to adapt to different customers and situation because all customers aren’t the same and they will have different attitude towards the employee/ business If a customer complains about how bad service is and you respond to them quickly it would show that you’re sorry Of voice, pitch, language e.g. technical language, use of slang How you communicate to customer is important because all customers are usually different e.g. you talk to old people different from teenagers When you talk to an old lady you talk slowly so they can hear you properly but when you are talking to teenager you can use some slangs Also in a company like Pc World if someone was about to buy a computer you would speak to them in technical language e.g. the computer has 512mb ram e.t.c and if the customer doesn’t understand it you explain to them Listening, body language, appropriateness to customer situation Your listening skills to a customer is important because if you don’t listen to them while you are talking to feels rude and employee should be able to adapt to different situations because there are different kinds of customers If a customer asks a question like where is the toilet and you keep on telling them to repeat it. They wouldn’t come back again to the business. Also there might be 4.0 Interpersonal Skills In this section I am going to say why interpersonal skills are important to customer service. Interpersonal Skills relate to the way you behave when you are dealing with other people and they are important because it makes communication clear. Attitudes, Behaviour, First impression are aspects of interpersonal skills The attitude of a staff to customer the first time they come in matter because that is their first impression and that’s what they will tell other people about the business In a Supermarket if a customer asks where an item and the employee replies â€Å"go away† is to the customer it will put them off and they wouldn’t come back Behaviour this is closely linked to attitude because this influences what you do and why you do it. A friendly person will normally behave in a cheerful way also if u enjoys working with people you will normally behave in a courteous and thoughtful way 5.0 Communication Skills In this section I am going to talk about communication skills Communication Skills are important to customer service. It is crucial that information is clear and accurate. In customer service employees must be able to explain company’s policies to customers and answer question about product and service. Tone, Pace, Pitch of voice, Slang and Listening are aspects of communication skills Tone is difference between the way you talk to a supervisor and your friend. Tone is how informal or formal you are and the tone of your voice Slang includes word used informally such as waste of space, chill. None should be used in business when talking to an external customer. Pace relates to the speed at which you speak and should be varied depending on your audience. Listening skills are invaluable in business particularly in the following situations e.g. when a customer is telling you about his or her needs or preferences, when you are been given information to give to someone. Pitch of voice relates to how you sound. A low pitched voice is deep and gruff, a high pitched voice easily sound shrill. Varying your pitch makes you sound more interesting and enables you to hold people attention better if you speak in a monotone 6.0 Customer Service Situations I am going to explain which skills are important in the following situation face to face, on the telephone, email, urgent situations, and difficult situations; either it is Interpersonal Skills, Presentation Skills, Communication Skills. Face to Face: I assume communication skills are the most essential skills when an employee is facing a problem face to face because although your presentation and interpersonal skills is important the employee is facing them and the way he communicates matter. The most important communication skills is their listening skills because it will show how effective they are to deal with the problem Telephone: I assume communication skills are the most essential skills when an employee if dealing with a problem on the phone because

Franklin D. Roosevelt: Creative Leadership in a Lifetime of Public Service

Franklin D. Roosevelt: Creative Leadership in a Lifetime of Public Service Leading the United States of America through an economic crisis and a world war, Franklin Delano Roosevelt demonstrated the traits of a creative leader not only in his policy-making, but also in the way he carried his image. From State Senator of New York to 32nd President of the United States, Roosevelt epitomised resourcefulness in his steady ascent of the political ladder, culminating with taking charge of the country during one of the toughest times it had ever experienced.Over the course of his leadership, Roosevelt certainly gained – if not already possessed – the domain knowledge required to generate creativity in his field of politics. In fact, he was primed for a career in public service even since his early education Roosevelt first entered the face of American politics in the State Election of 1910, running for the New York State Senate. In his second term, he served as chairman of the Agriculture Committee, passing effective farm and labour bills.This success was to some extent a precursor of his New Deal policies (to be discussed in greater detail later), which despite imperfections were reflective of creative leadership in the aspect of Dr Ronald Heifetz’s â€Å"adaptive work†. Following this, in 1913, Roosevelt was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy – a role from which he gained experience that would prove relevant in his later years as Commander-in-Chief during World War II. Although traditionally the prerogative of the Secretary rather than the Assistant Secretary, he worked on the general development of U.S. naval policy, and his advocacy for a â€Å"big navy† earned him support from Navy personnel. As State Senator, Roosevelt openly opposed the Tammany Hall political machine; as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, he opposed Frederick Taylor’s â€Å"stopwatch† system towards industrial efficiency. In both posi tions, his stand inevitably favoured certain stakeholders and incensed others. Although this meant losing support from some people, it represented creating the â€Å"disequilibrium† that Heifetz describes as necessary for mobilising adaptive work.Roosevelt was hence able to effectively â€Å"orchestrate conflict and create disorder† in order to achieve greater overall progress. Roosevelt was a leader who avoided letting his personal life affect his political career. In the summer of 1921, he contracted poliomyelitis, which resulted in permanent paralysis from the waist down. However, Roosevelt was adamant about preserving his image of health to the people, which he believed was necessary to run for public office again.He made sure that the press presented him in a manner which did not highlight his disability, and refrained from being seen in his wheelchair in public. In doing this, he protected his status as a leader in the eyes of the people, rather than allowing his illness to undermine his ability to serve in public office. Roosevelt went further to establish the March of Dimes, a non-profit organisation seeking to combat polio. He was hence able to turn an adversity on its head and generate even greater public support from it instead.In the 1920s, Roosevelt mended fences with the Democratic Party, and moderated his stance against the Tammany Hall machine. He went on to be elected as Governor of New York in 1928, and re-elected for a second term in 1930. While in that position, he instated several social programmes such as the New York State Emergency Relief Commission. In line with the importance of working with partners that Heifetz emphasises in his book, Leadership Without Easy Answers, Roosevelt worked closely with Frances Perkins and Harry Hopkins, particularly in the aspect of solving America’s economic problems during the period.Roosevelt also made the key statement that â€Å"progressive government by its very terms, must be a living and growing thing†, presenting governance as a conceptual space that could be explored and transformed, and once again relating to Heifetz’s â€Å"adaptive challenge†. When Roosevelt was elected President in 1932, the United States was struggling under the Great Depression, which began even while he was Governor and involved a stock market crash and soaring unemployment. It was on this backdrop that Roosevelt introduced the New Deal, a series of economic programmes to tackle the problems during this difficult period.Within his â€Å"First 100 Days†, he passed various programmes through Congress, setting up the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Emergency Banking Act among many others. Roosevelt made his mark on the history of American politics in this record number of bills passed during the initial months of his Presidency; since then, U. S. Presidents have been judged by what they achieve in their first hundred days. Roosevelt entered the Presidency with immense political capital due to the urgency of the economy’s state, and effectively capitalised on this to implement creative policies.In the â€Å"Second New Deal† (1935-1936), he went on to propose bolder and even more initiatives, such as the Works Progress Administration and the Social Security Act. The latter, in fact, set the foundation for the framework of the U. S. welfare system which exists till today. Roosevelt was willing to take risks; he implemented policies which involved significant government intervention at the expense of a budget deficit, even though he knew this would be unpopular. He was aware that leadership was not merely about appeasing the people, but required tough measures in response to the situation at times.Although his New Deal policies met criticism as being a haphazard collection of schemes, Roosevelt himself insisted that they were â€Å"the orderly component parts of a connected and logica l whole†. Either way, we must recognise that the economic climate at that time was extremely volatile, and in reacting spontaneously to unfolding events rather than strictly adhering to a set plan, Roosevelt was doing exactly what Heifetz describes of creative leaders – bringing adaptive work to the people, and mobilising it towards solutions. Roosevelt also found a novel way of addressing the people through a series of radio talks called â€Å"fireside chats†.Through these, he introduced and explained the policies to the people as they were being implemented. He knew that transparency was important, and even as he passed acts which allowed greater state intervention in the country’s social and economic affairs, he made clear to the people what he was intending to achieve with these initiatives. His policies were met with mixed reviews, but ultimately, most agree that this era was an important milestone in the progress of the U. S. political and economic s ystems. In 1940, Roosevelt became the first President to run for a third term, going against the unwritten rule of a two-term tradition.By this time, World War II had broken out. Roosevelt, as President, gave covert support to Britain and France in the form of arms provision despite officially stating neutrality. Eventually, while still remaining detached from actual military participation, he passed the Lend-Lease Act, essentially providing supplies to the other Allied nations at war. This was an innovative measure on Roosevelt’s part to support the Allied Powers against the Axis Powers without putting his own country in direct harm. Unfortunately, such a position can only remain temporarily, as the U. S. was clearly demonstrating its alliance.Unsurprisingly, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941, drawing the U. S. inescapably into the war. Not having fully recovered from its economic woes, being forced into combat was a heavy blow to the U. S.. Even in the throes of war, however, Roosevelt was successful in â€Å"externalising the conflict†, focusing on the Axis Powers as the enemy and keeping himself out of a position of blame. The situation also drove Roosevelt to establish the United Nations – originally the 26 countries opposing the Tripartite Pact represented by the â€Å"Declaration by United Nations†.Although not entirely a case of historical creativity, the coalition of governments across this large a number of nations was certainly a visionary initiative by Roosevelt. The UN has since grown into one of the most prominent international organisations. Roosevelt was definitely a man who saw purpose in his public service. Just before his death in 1945, he entered an unprecedented fourth term as President. His commitment was reflected in his continuous political presence and effort to evoke positive change in systems, even in times when support for him was low.Roosevelt incorporated wit when he was addressing the people, and maintained his dignity till the very end. Although it is impossible for all of his policies to have succeeded, especially considering the sheer multitude of new programmes and magnitude of fundamental change instigated during his time, Roosevelt did display fluency and flexibility – in that he generated a large number policies in a wide range of categories – as well as originality and the capacity for elaboration in his intricate plans. As one of the most influential figures in American history, Franklin D.Roosevelt definitely embodied the essence of a creative leader. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. â€Å"Groton School. † Theodore Roosevelt Center. Web. 27 Sept 2012. . [ 2 ]. Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt. Vol 1. New York: Easton Press, 1956. Print. [ 3 ]. â€Å"American President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Life Before the Presidency. † M iller Center. Web. 27 Sept 2012. . [ 4 ]. LaCerra, Charles. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Tammany Hall of New York. Lanham, MD: University of America, 1997. Print. [ 5 ]. Heifetz, Ronald. Leadership Without Easy Answers.Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1994. [ 6 ]. Chen, Deborah. â€Å"The Embodiment of an Illness: Franklin Roosevelt's Public Representation of Polio. † Deliberations. (2001) Web. 26 Sep 2012. . [ 7 ]. Rose, David. â€Å"A History of the March of Dimes. † March of Dimes. 26 Aug. 2010. Web. 27 Sept 2012. . [ 8 ]. Pederson , William. A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Web. [ 9 ]. Theinl, Kevin. America’s Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelt’s attempt to reorganize the market with his New Deal. GRIN Verlag, 2011.Web. [ 10 ]. Boden, Margaret A. â€Å"What Is Creativity. † Dimensions of Creativity. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1996. Print. [ 11 ]. â€Å"The First Hundred Days. † US Government Info. Web. 27 Sept 2012. . [ 12 ]. â€Å"The New Deal. † 123HelpMe. com. 27 Sep 2012. . [ 13 ]. Burns, James MacGregor. Roosevelt. Vol 1. New York: Easton Press, 1956. Print. [ 14 ]. Heifetz, Ronald. Leadership Without Easy Answers. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1994. [ 15 ]. Boden, Margaret A. â€Å"What Is Creativity. † Dimensions of Creativity. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1996. Print.

The Pfizer Company Business Model

The Pfizer Company Business Model Customer value The value the company attaches to its customers contributed to its thriving into limelight of drug business in the year 1941. This was due to the mass production of penicillin which saved many lives during the World War II. This was then later followed by the manufacture of Viagra. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Pfizer Company Business Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the firm developed Viagra, it had to create around 1,500 chemicals, tested their effectiveness as compared to previous drugs and finally screened them to come up with the best quality for the consumers (Magretta 3-8). The firm also went as far as researching to find out which of the age groups suffered most from the erectile dysfunction (Hedman). The Viagra invention had the ability to cause erections only during sexual stimulation. This was contrary to other injection therapies provided by other companies which at time s induced the patient to prolonged erections, making the patient uncomfortable. Hence, the invention of Viagra was so much encouraging to the consumers who expressed their willingness to continue with the treatment as it satisfied their expectations. The firm had a stated maximum prescription for each patient diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, this ensured reimbursement of up to 6 tablets per month for each patient 18 years and above. The plan ensured that consumers were protected from any form of misuse of the drugs and danger (Mahadavan 4).The use of Viagra was dropped from the formularies since it became one of the lifestyle drugs. This helped majority to cut on Medicaid expenses. The introduction of online sales made it possible for the company to reach so many customers within the shortest time possible. This helped in increasing the revenues of the firm; this included the consultation and the shipping fee offered by the company which was averagely $ 715 for one year supply (Magretta 3-8). Capabilities The Pfizer firm recorded the highest earnings growth in the Pharmaceutical industry, which was rated at 25% between 2000 and 2002. This growth rate was attributed to the strong drug pipeline and its stability in blockbuster drugs. The firm also had the lowest risk when it came to the market share loss from the drugs as compared to other pharmaceutical firms. This was due to the fact that most of its pharmaceutical sales were given to generic cannibalization before 2005. The firm’s capability to increase its research and development expenses saw it venture into new field of medicine. This enabled the firm to invent new pharmaceutical drugs and also open many operational facilities all over the world (Army).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the Pfizer firm to overcome the competitors they embarked on continuous launching of new products and aggressively acquiring the best possible strategies. They bought drug maker companies and also ventured into the consumer products, bought companies that produced hospital related products. The company also extended an invitation hand to other related companies which saw it merge with some popular companies like Warner-Lambert. The company ventured in the sale of the brand name from its operating groups to the consumers. The brand name groups included Animal Health Group and Consumer Health care. These brand names made the company to be known as one which improved the health not only of human beings but also of livestock, hence became very popular to the consumers (Porter 62-78). The introduction of the internet enables the firm to reach so many companies at any given time. It also enhances the devising of the strategies since the progress of other firms can easily be monitored from the internet. It has enabled international expansion of the company (Stabell 413). Sus tainability For sustenance purposes the firm invested heavily on the research and development, half of the employees of the company taken to the section dealing with research and development. The mixture on the labor force was also a contributing factor, which comprises the British and the Americans (Sandberg 3). The firm strategizes on conducting more clinical trials on Viagra as compared to its competitors. This made it to enlarge its market base since most of the patients came back with positive results. The firm also deployed a good number of sales representatives to that went direct to the doctors, who eventually prescribed the drug to the patients (Army). The firm uses the Direct-to-Consumer Advertising which ensures that patients are updated on new medical treatments, right prescriptions and also allows them to discuss their health conditions with their physicians. The company also focused on raising awareness on how important men’s health was to them (Porter 62). The y used the brand name that made so many identify themselves with the brand i.e. so many became brand loyal to the company. The firm spent so much money in advertisement on medical journals, meetings and events that were mostly attended by the physicians. These promotional activities ensured some increase in revenue with the Direct-to-customer contributing around 16% in the year 2000. The use of the internet exposes the firms secrets to the competitors hence considered not safe at all for sustainability purposes (Porter 78).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Pfizer Company Business Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The business model shows clearly the level of competition of the company, it reveals whether the company is the most cost-efficient company in the industry or not. The business model should be understood because it provides vivid information about the market and can be used by investors a nd financial analysts. Army, Barret. â€Å"The formula at Pfizer. Don’t run with the crowd†. Business week may 11, 1998. Hedman, Thomas. â€Å"The Business Model: A Means to Understand the Business Context of Information and Communication Technology†. Institute of Economic Research Working Paper Series, School of Economics and Management, Lund University 2001. Magretta, Joan. â€Å"Why Business Models Matter,† Harvard Business Review, May 2002: 3-8. Mahadevan. â€Å"Business Models for Internet-Based E-Commerce,† California Management Review, Vol. 42, summer 2000: 4 Porter, Michael. â€Å"Strategy and the Internet,† Harvard Business Review, March 2001: 62-78. Sandberg. Is it time to trade in your business model? Harvard Management Update, January, 2002: 3-5.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stabell, Fjeldstad. â€Å"Configuring value for competitive advantage: On chains, shops and networks†. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, 1998: 413–437. Timmers, Paul. â€Å"Business Models for Electronic Markets,† Electronic Markets, ol. 8, No. 2, 1998: 3-8

Action of Barbituates Essays

Action of Barbituates Essays Action of Barbituates Essay Action of Barbituates Essay Homework Assignment Chapter 4 Addiction Studies (BHHS) Sherman Howard 1. Describe, the action of Barbiturates. They reduce sensory sensitivity to pleasure or pain. Replace’s the need for sex, food and emotional involvement. 2. Describe the action of benzodiazepines and their withdrawal symptoms. Benzodiazepines are minor tranquilizers; they cause dopamine levels to surge producing a pleasurable sensation. Withdrawal involves seizures, convulsions, and even death. 3. What is the biggest danger with drug synergism when using two depressant drugs? Overdose! 4. What is a paradoxical reaction to tranquilizers? Becoming more active instead of calmer. 5. Why is withdrawal so life threatening for alcohol and the barbiturates? Both can lead to Seizures and death. 6. Who is the hidden addict? An unborn Fetus can be, if the mother is an addict. ______________________________________________________________________________ Part Two: 1. What is the approximate percentage of alcohol in beer? Wine? Whiskey? Beer5% Wine15% Whiskey45% 2. What does BAC stand for? Blood Alcohol Concentration. 3. Describe the processing of alcohol from digestion to absorption. 0% is absorbed by the stomach the remaining 80% is absorbed in the small intestines. 4. What is alcohol effect on digestion and liver? Alcohol can stop digestion and increase hydrochloric acid production. Alcohol also causes a drop in blood sugar which can lead to a hypoglycemic state. 5. Name some factors that often predict alcoholism? Poor learning ability, poor judgment, short-term memory is aff ected. 6. After frequent high dose use†¦ which is more dangerous: immediate alcohol withdrawal or immediate heroin withdrawal? Alcohol is more immediate. Sherman Howard

How to Say Hello in Italian 6 Common Greetings

How to Say Hello in Italian 6 Common Greetings SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you want to learn Italian or are you planning a vacation in Italy? Va bene! In this article, I’ll teach you some basic words to start introducing yourself in Italian. How to Say Hello in Italian There are many different ways to greet people in Italian. Here are some of the most common that you’ll encounter. Ciao Ciao is a common, informal way of greeting friends or peers. You’ll hear â€Å"ciao† a lot on the streets of Italy. It can be used as both â€Å"hello† and â€Å"goodbye.† Buongiorno "Buongiorno", which means "good morning†, is a more formal greeting. You can use â€Å"buongiorno† when entering a store, meeting your boss, or addressing someone older than you. Buonasera Don't be surprised if you hear Italians saying "buonasera" at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. â€Å"Buonasera† is a way of saying â€Å"hello† in the afternoons and evenings (think â€Å"good evening† in English). Another, less common greeting is â€Å"buon pomeriggio† which is used between noon and sunset. Most people will go with â€Å"buongiorno† or â€Å"buonasera† though. How to Say Goodbye in Italian Ready to head out? There are many ways to say â€Å"goodbye† in Italian, too. Ciao Remember, â€Å"ciao† works as both an informal hello and an informal goodbye. Arrivederci â€Å"Arrivederci† is a more formal goodbye than â€Å"ciao.† You can use this farewell when saying goodbye to an older person or someone you don’t know very well, like a store clerk or taxi driver. Una buona giornata If you really want to make a good impression when you leave a place like a restaurant, you can say â€Å"una buona giornata,† which means â€Å"Have a nice day!† You can use the expression "una buona serata!" if you’re leaving later in the day or night. A presto When you talk to someone you already know well (like a friend) or that you expect to see very soon, you can say "a presto," which means, "see you soon." Fun Facts About the Italian Language Like all languages, Italian is full of surprises. Here are some of our favorite facts about Italian: It’s the 20th Most Common Language The Italian language is spoken by 62 million people and is the official language in five countries of the world. It’s Derived From Latin Italian is a Romance language whose modern form comes from a Tuscan dialect. While Italy had many dialects for centuries, its current form was adopted because of its use in The Divine Comedy. It Has Interesting Vocals Italian is the most conservative language of Romance languages and has seven vowels with four degrees of openness, É›, e, i, É”, ou. It Doesn’t Use All of the Same Letters as English No Italian words contain k’s, j’s, x’s, or y’s. The Longest Word The longest word in Italian is â€Å"precipitevolissimevolmente† which means "in a way like someone/something that acts very hastily.† It doesn’t quite make sense in the English translation, but you get the picture! Say This Three Times Fast Looking for an Italian tongue twister? Try this one: "Trentatre trentini entered a Trento tutti e Trentatre trotterellando.† What does it mean? â€Å"Thirty-three people from Trento entered the city, all thirty-three trotting.† Too difficult? You can just stick with â€Å"Ciao!† What's Next? Interested in learning Japanese, too?Learn how to say "good morning" in Japanese, plus nine other key greetings. What's the best foreign language to take in high school?If you're wondering which language to study, check out our guideon which foreign language you should learn in school. Want to say "hello" in other languages?We have a chart of dozens of ways to say hello in different languages. Check it out! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hayley Milliman About the Author Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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February Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

February Revolution - Essay Example 1917 saw two distinct Revolutions in Russia: the overthrow of the tsarist regime (February Revolution) and the coup by which the Bolsheviks took power (October Revolution). The causes of these two revolutions encompass Russia's political, social, and economic situation. Politically, the people of Russia resented the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II. The losses that the Russians suffered during World War I further weakened Russia's view of Nicholas II (Lynch, 2000). Socially, tsarist Russia stood well behind the rest of Europe in its industry and farming, resulting in few opportunities for fair advancement on the part of peasants and industrial workers. Economically, widespread inflation in Russia contributed to the revolution. Nicholas himself helped propel instability into revolution in 1905 by the disastrous foreign policy he pursued in East Asia. Determined that Russia should not be left out in the scramble for colonial possessions, Nicholas embarked on an expansionist policy in Manchuria and Korea that led to war with Japan in 1904 (see Russo-Japanese War). Russia's defeat by Japan ruined the monarchy's prestige and led to the development of an opposition movement that for a time included almost all sectors of Russian society. In January 1905, in an event that became known as Bloody Sunday, unarmed crowds demanding radical constitutional and social reforms were shot down by the army near the emperor's palace in Saint Petersburg (see Russian Revolution of 1905). In the wake of this event, riots and demonstrations broke out throughout the country. Workers went on strike, soldiers mutinied, peasants attacked landlords, and students and members of the middle class demanded constitutional government and so cial reform. To appease opposition moderates and regain support for the regime, Nicholas was forced to promise a constitution in October 1905. Although he retained control over the executive branch and extensive legislative powers, wide-ranging civil rights, including freedom of speech and assembly, were promised, and an elected legislative assembly, the Duma, was created. But when the first two Dumas demanded parliamentary control over the government and the expropriation of noble land, Nicholas supported a drastic and unconstitutional limitation of the electoral law in June 1907. This allowed him to achieve a Duma with very few members of left-wing parties, which were the groups demanding the most radical reforms. Nicholas found it much easier to collaborate with the landowner-dominated Third and Fourth Dumas. Important military, educational, social insurance and, above all, agrarian reforms were enacted. Up to this time, peasant households had been allotted strips of land, but the land was collectively owned by village communes (Lynch, 2000). Under land reforms advanced by Prime Minister Stolypin, the peasants were allowed to claim ownership of their land and leave the communes. As in the previous decade, economic growth was spectacular. Class conflict in the towns remained acute, however, and the immediate result of Stolypin's agrarian reforms was, if anything, to increase the radicalism of most of the peasantry and their determination to seize all noble land if given the chance. The

Do we still partake in conspicuous consumption of fashion Essay

Do we still partake in conspicuous consumption of fashion - Essay Example This essay traces the history of fashion in relation to conspicuous consumption in order to determine if this concept is present in the modern culture and find out the motivation behind the use of fashion to display wealth and status. According to Cassell (2000), conspicuous consumption of fashion is not a new concept because it can be traced back into the ancient tribal times. During this period, the elite within the society displayed various fashions to demonstrate their social class and thus distinguish themselves from the ordinary people. The history of conspicuous consumption and the developments in fashion was very competitive and it is attributed to the modern culture within the consumer society as explained by Woodruffe-Burton (1998). In the French empire, the rule of Louis XIV was characterized by conspicuous consumption of fashion and people showed off their wealth through the clothes they wore. The concept of conspicuous consumption of fashion is illustrated by the queen of France, Marie Antoinette who had the largest wardrobe in Versailles which was filled with expensive clothing as a status symbol of her wealthy and power. Feitelberg (2005) explains that the invention of handbags late in the 18th cen tury clearly shows how fashion is valued in the society as â€Å"a symbolic tool for status and class†. Highly decorated handbags were carried around to achieve a certain desired level of prestige and wealthy. Lehnert (2000) assets that the history of fashion reached its peak in the 19th century when cloth designs and fashions from France and London were used to separate people according to social classes. Decorative dressing by women in the upper social class was common in the society. A lot of money was spent by the wealthy on decorative fashion which were colorful with good designs and ostrich feathers being used to symbolize a higher social status. The development of fashion was parallel to the social status early in the 20th

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture - Essay Example h disparities in the Muslim culture are the same as those that affect other people, but they require a different approach in some forms of treatment so that they adhere to their beliefs. Today, Muslims approach healthcare in different ways, for example, those in the rural areas are deeply rooted in their beliefs, and they do not accept western medicine. They prefer to use traditional medicines in the event that someone is sick. Today, there are traditional healers who use still use the mixture of Quran and other traditional healing techniques like herbs for treatment. Some of them use superstitious practices, and this goes against their beliefs. However, some have adapted to the western medicines, but they require certain values to be followed. They believe in preventive measures since they believe that Allah did not create any disease. They look into their religious, social heritage when using any form of treatment. They have celebrated dates such as Eid Fitr and Eid Adha, and medical practitioners need to consider these dates. For example, their diet requires exceptional care since they are not permitted to feed on pork. Medical practitioners need to ensure that their medicines and food are free from pork supplements. The gap in Muslims that hinders their healthcare is the strict following of the Quran. Cases have been reported where people die since the writings in the Quran do not allow a certain procedure. I believe that they should typify flexibility in their treatment so that medical practices are efficient. Therefore, healthcare providers need to understand beliefs of different cultures so that treating them conform s to their beliefs hence improving health

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Civil Rights - Essay Example The government and judicial attitudes towards blacks and other minority group was altered to incorporate the rights of the subjects. Civil rights did not just begin in 1950s,it began when Africans were initially brought to America as slaves. The blacks were the pioneers of the civil rights when fought tirelessly for their enslavement and demanded for their fundamental citizenship rights that was bluntly. This article examines the role and achievements of the civil rights movement. Leaders of the civil rights movement used various strategies to communicate their complaints. Generally, success of the Civil rights Movements were attributed to well coordination of three prong strategy which included civil disobedience, well-articulated grass root organizations and the mass boycotts and economic withdrawal. Some of the strategies used prior to 1955 were litigation and lobbying through the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people between 1896 and 1954. There were powerful combination of gradualism in legal issues and advocacy of far reaching change that was adopted by the initiators of the Brown strategy (Ollhoff, 2011). However, NAACP later employed tactic of directly challenging the constitutionality of â€Å"separate but equal†education.

Qualitative research critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qualitative research critique - Essay Example SurvÐ µys and casÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µrimÐ µnts likÐ µ Graham’s arÐ µ Ð µxamplÐ µs of qualitativÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch dÐ µsigns, which arÐ µ morÐ µ qualitativÐ µ and havÐ µ morÐ µ aspÐ µcts of this typÐ µ of thÐ µory. QuantitativÐ µ studiÐ µs tÐ µnd to rÐ µly on hard data and statistics that can providÐ µ gÐ µnÐ µralizablÐ µ rÐ µsults about a population, whÐ µrÐ µas qualitativÐ µ studiÐ µs could bÐ µ morÐ µ of a casÐ µ Ð µxamplÐ µ or subjÐ µctivÐ µ viÐ µwpoint, mÐ µasuring, as Graham doÐ µs, attitudÐ µs and bÐ µliÐ µfs in a population. Graham’s dÐ µsign could also bÐ µ callÐ µd flÐ µxiblÐ µ. As thÐ µ Ð µxtant litÐ µraturÐ µ statÐ µs about thÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn fixÐ µd and flÐ µxiblÐ µ dÐ µsigns, â€Å"FlÐ µxiblÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch dÐ µsigns arÐ µ much morÐ µ difficult to pin down than fixÐ µd dÐ µsigns. This is in part bÐ µcausÐ µ it is only in rÐ µcÐ µnt yÐ µars that rÐ µsÐ µarchÐ µrs ha vÐ µ givÐ µn considÐ µration to thÐ µ dÐ µsign issuÐ µs which thÐ µy raisÐ µ. PrÐ µviously thÐ µrÐ µ had bÐ µÃ µn a tradition in thÐ µ disciplinÐ µs of social anthropology of an apprÐ µnticÐ µship modÐ µl† (Robson, 2003). If qualitativÐ µ dÐ µsigns havÐ µ lÐ µss history bÐ µhind thÐ µm in thÐ µ litÐ µraturÐ µ on thÐ µ subjÐ µct it might bÐ µ an indication that thÐ µy arÐ µ not nÐ µcÐ µssarily as Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ. ... ThÐ µ main rationalÐ µ for this choicÐ µ is that survÐ µys can givÐ µ a fairly Ð µasy-to-gÐ µt samplÐ µ of rÐ µlÐ µvant information from a fairly largÐ µ samplÐ µ sizÐ µ (Graham usÐ µd ovÐ µr fifty participants), whilÐ µ still bÐ µing vÐ µry cost-Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ to thÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarchÐ µr and giving quality rÐ µsults. Although survÐ µys havÐ µ thÐ µir drawbacks, in tÐ µrms of falsÐ µ rÐ µports, sÐ µlf-rÐ µport bias, and othÐ µr issuÐ µs, such as participants putting down or saying wrong answÐ µrs on purposÐ µ, survÐ µys and intÐ µrviÐ µws can shÐ µd a lot of light on issuÐ µs, particularly in a qualitativÐ µ study that sÐ µÃ µks to mÐ µasurÐ µ attitudÐ µs and bÐ µliÐ µfs in a givÐ µn population or populations, as notÐ µd abovÐ µ. â€Å"SurvÐ µys can bÐ µ classifiÐ µd by thÐ µir mÐ µthod of data collÐ µction. Mail, tÐ µlÐ µphonÐ µ intÐ µrviÐ µw, and in-pÐ µrson intÐ µrviÐ µw survÐ µys arÐ µ thÐ µ most common. Е xtracting data from samplÐ µs of mÐ µdical and othÐ µr rÐ µcords is also frÐ µquÐ µntly donÐ µ. In nÐ µwÐ µr mÐ µthods of data collÐ µction, information is Ð µntÐ µrÐ µd dirÐ µctly into computÐ µrs† (RÐ µsÐ µarch, 2007). GÐ µnÐ µrally thÐ µ advantagÐ µs of a sÐ µlf-administÐ µrÐ µd survÐ µy arÐ µ â€Å"Ð µconomy, spÐ µÃ µd, lack of intÐ µrviÐ µwÐ µr bias, and thÐ µ possibility of anonymity and privacy to Ð µncouragÐ µ morÐ µ candid rÐ µsponsÐ µs on sÐ µnsitivÐ µ issuÐ µs† (RÐ µsÐ µarch, 2007). SurvÐ µys can also collÐ µct a rÐ µlativÐ µly largÐ µ amount of information for a rÐ µlativÐ µly low pricÐ µ. Sampling ThÐ µ author had a small samplÐ µ sizÐ µ of undÐ µr 100 individuals. ThÐ µ samplÐ µ was not randomizÐ µd, bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µ author had to contact a spÐ µcific group of rÐ µspondÐ µnts who would fit thÐ µir dÐ µmographic and socio-Ð µconomic variablÐ µs. â€Å"Drawing on a study of 57 womÐ µn ca ring for prÐ µschool childrÐ µn in low-incomÐ µ familiÐ µs, thÐ µ articlÐ µ Ð µxplorÐ µs somÐ µ of thÐ µ

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Civil Rights - Essay Example The government and judicial attitudes towards blacks and other minority group was altered to incorporate the rights of the subjects. Civil rights did not just begin in 1950s,it began when Africans were initially brought to America as slaves. The blacks were the pioneers of the civil rights when fought tirelessly for their enslavement and demanded for their fundamental citizenship rights that was bluntly. This article examines the role and achievements of the civil rights movement. Leaders of the civil rights movement used various strategies to communicate their complaints. Generally, success of the Civil rights Movements were attributed to well coordination of three prong strategy which included civil disobedience, well-articulated grass root organizations and the mass boycotts and economic withdrawal. Some of the strategies used prior to 1955 were litigation and lobbying through the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people between 1896 and 1954. There were powerful combination of gradualism in legal issues and advocacy of far reaching change that was adopted by the initiators of the Brown strategy (Ollhoff, 2011). However, NAACP later employed tactic of directly challenging the constitutionality of â€Å"separate but equal†education.

Design for change in practice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design for change in practice - Research Paper Example Design for change in practice is largely based on the framework proposed by Rossuwurm and Larrabee (1999). According to Rossuwurm and Larrabee (1999), design for change in practice is manifested through protocols, procedures, or standards. In the case with communicating terminal diagnosis to patients in order to improve their quality of life design relies on the mechanism of protocols distributed to medical personnel. Since the overall complexity of design determines the likelihood of change acceptance (Rossuwurm and Larrabee, 1999, p.320), protocols contain only well-structured and detailed information regarding terminal diagnosis disclosure practice and follow up procedures aimed to improve patients' quality of life. Because feedback from patients (stakeholders) is essential when designing a change in practice (Rossuwurm and Larrabee, 1999), design also includes a questionnaire produced to measure changes in patients' quality of life. (1) Practice of terminal diagnosis full disclosure. ... As explained by Fitch (1994) once a word like "cancer" or "terminal" is heard, a mental retreat is often enacted and thus true communication may not take place until the stark essence of the initial message has been absorbed. Similarly, when news of terminality are communicated rapidly, the patient may remember very little of what has been said. Therefore, in order to implement this change in practice some patients should have information about their terminal diagnosis divided into manageable stages so that self-perceptions gradually shift from well, to ill, to dying over a period of days or weeks. The fundamental premise of this change in practice is that physicians should exclusively opt the strategy of full disclosure of terminal diagnosis for their patients. (2) Eliminating avoidance practices. The issue of death and dying like any topic or situation that creates anxiety tends to trigger avoidance responses. In medical practice, two types of avoidance may be seen: physical avoidance, in which an individual makes an effort to avoid being in the presence of persons, places or objects that cause anxiety; and topical avoidance, in which a clinician avoids thinking or talking about an anxiety-producing issue. Physicians and nurses tend to avoid patient feelings (i.e., depression, anger, or anxiety) by focusing on the explicit content of the patients' message (Dilbeck, 1996). Related to this response in medical personnel is the finding that patients report that technological interventions and procedures cause them to feel that their need for support through compassion and caring is being denied (Super & Plutko, 1996). Patients cannot

Tom Ford Essay Example for Free

Tom Ford Essay Tom Ford is an American Fashion designer, who is famous for turning around the Gucci fashion house. For the past 20 years, Tom Ford has been one of the most influential designers in the world. Tom was born in Austin, Texas but spent the majority of his childhood in Santa Fe, New Mexico. For Tom, nature was definitely on his side. He talks about being picky with what he wanted to wear, even at the age of 3 or 4, and was noticing small details on his shoes that he didn’t believe were right. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) At the age of 17 he moved to New York to pursue acting, he realized he didn’t like not being in control with regards to acting, and he went on to enroll in Architect at Parsons School of Design in New York and Paris. Tom has said that rather than focusing on the architectural model he was to build he was more concerned about what the figures in his model were wearing. He realized architecture was too serious a discipline for him and even went so far as to misrepresent himself to get his foot in the door of the fashion world. His career rose rapidly and at the age of 30 he became the Design Director for all of Gucci. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) He believes perfection is something you are born with, and that his creative drive is â€Å"obsessive†, that â€Å"perfectionism is almost an illness† for him. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) gucci raised from the dead In 1990, Gucci hired Tom as the Womenswear Designer, and at that stage the company was in such a bad shape. In 1992, he became Design Director, yet during 1993-1994 Gucci was almost bankrupt. They appeared to be stuck in organisational inertia. In 1994 he was appointed Creative Director of Gucci. The businessmen running the company at that time were focusing all their energy on how to break the company apart, and what to do with it. Tom had a moment when he was in complete creative control and what he thought was right for Gucci. He went on to design a collection that was unlike anything else Gucci had ever done. It was stated in his contract that he was not allowed to speak to the press, he was not allowed to publicly be the face of Gucci, and that he was not allowed to step out on the runway. Being the risk taker he is, he broke all those rules and is famous for his sending his collection down the runway, and at the end stepping out onto it. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2 011) His collection oozed sex, something that had gone missing during the 80’s. This could be attributed to the devastation of the financial industry or the fact that AIDS had also become widely exposed during the 80’s. It was looked upon as something dangerous and the lack of sensuality was reflected in all the arts during the 80’s. Looking back you can see a 70’s sensuality to his collection. Excitement over this collection ensued and 6 months later, clothes were in the stores, and he continued to have more hit collections. Sales took off, doubling and doubling. His aesthetic was so gorgeous, so sleek, so sexy, modern, romantic, everything about it I adore. As did many back then and today. Not only the fashion but he had the best taste in music and models. When discussing Tom Ford runway shows many recall the time of the infamous Kate Moss. He was also so good at setting a mood for his shows, so few shows these days have such an atmosphere. He was genius. And having Carine Roitfeld, previous editor-in-chief of Vogue Paris as his number one fan is just a testament to how perfect he is. He is credited for bringing back exuberance, happiness and joy. It was in a way his marketing tool, it was effective in that time as it was fresh. In 1999 Gucci became very successful. Discontinuous change had taken place, Tom Ford’s innovation was revolutionary, he had taken reign over Gucci, but he wasn’t stopping there. The Gucci group took their success and went on to purchase Yves Saint Laurent. He then started designing between Milan, for Gucci and Paris, for YSL, and was creating approximately 16 collections a year for both. In January 2000, following the acquisition of Yves Saint Laurent and YSL Beaute by the Gucci Group, Tom Ford assumed the position of Creative Director of Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche and YSL Beaute in addition to his then existing duties at Gucci. Tom worked with all creative teams at YSL to define the overall image and positioning of the YSL brand including all product categories and communication activities. (Tom Ford The Brand) He also served as Creative Director of Gucci Group. In July 2002 he was made Vice Chairman of the Management Board of Gucci Group. (Tom Ford The Brand) During Tom’s 10 years as Creative Director at Gucci and Gucci Group, sales increased from 230 million dollars in 1994 to almost 3 billion dollars in 2003, making Gucci one of the largest and most profitable luxury brands in the world. (Tom Ford The Brand) Inspiration So who or what inspires Tom Ford. He is inspired by a myriad of elements in his life, in particularly the friends that he thinks have great style; the women with jobs, kids and lives. Women with character, iconic women as seen in his first Tom Ford brand runway show: Beyonce, Lauren Hutton, Marisa Berenson. His life and his mood attributes much to his inspiration, how he’s feeling and how he reacts to culture. (Full Time Ford, 2011) SUCCESS After the success of Gucci and YSL, Tom found himself burning out. If he was awake, he was working and in April, he left the Gucci. Following his departure from The Gucci Group, he lost himself; he was no longer designing and hit a low. He was missed extremely by many Tom Ford fans as well as the fashion industry. Reflecting on his departure from Gucci, he mentions â€Å"nothing lasts†. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) After reinventing Gucci and YSL, Tom started the Tom Ford brand in 2005. Tom Ford is a passionate designer, and he transfers that passion into work, he is a very deep thinker. Most importantly he believes 90% of his success is due to his drive. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) He will continue to design under the Tom Ford brand, one hopes for many years to come. Fashion is his business, it is an enhanced version of who he is. BIBLIOGRAPHY Full Time Ford. (2011, July 5). Retrieved August 6, 2012, from Tom Ford Does China: http://www.fulltimeford.com Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary. (2011, December 22). Retrieved August 6, 2012, from YouTube: http://youtu.be/NsmJ_l4jZFQ Tom Ford The Brand. (n.d.). Retrieved August 6, 2012, from Tom Ford: http://www.tomford.com/#/en/thebrand/tomford

Leadership In The Dead Poets Society English Literature Essay

Leadership In The Dead Poets Society English Literature Essay For this leadership report, we have chosen the movie  «Ã‚  Dead Poets Society  Ã‚ ». This movie was awarded for the best scenario in 1989 and was a great international success. We have selected this movie for different reasons that we will explain below. First, some members of our work group were teenagers when the movie was released. At that time, in some way, they identified themselves to the characters of the movie who are also teenagers. Carpe Diem had become a very popular concept in French schools because teenagers were concerned by the vision of life presented in the movie. The youngest members of our work group saw the movie for the first time a few years ago and were also impressed by the originality of the scenario. Moreover, we think that this movie covers many leadership aspects: each main character has his own type of leadership and there are interesting interactions and influences between the characters to speak about. For us, this movie has been like a leadership laboratory where to continue to learn from. We would like to point out that we have analysed leadership in this movie taking into account that the story takes place in 1959, that is to say at a time when educational standards were different from todays. In this respect, the behaviours of the adults like Mr Nolan (Director of the School) and Mr Perry (students father) sometimes may have appeared to us abusive, but at that time it was probably more common than today. The  «Ã‚  Dead Poets Society  Ã‚ » can be summarised as follow: In 1959, John Keating, an unconventional English literature teacher, has newly arrived at Welton Academy. This school is known for its prestigious teaching but also, and not the least, its rough and strict education. For the students, Mr Keating will be much more than a teacher: he will be their guide. He will teach them what cannot be learnt from books: speak up their mind, make their own choice of life, and in the end become free spirits. He will deeply influence his students especially Todd and Neil. Here is below a diagram that we have drawn up in order to represent the different characters and the influences they have on each others. This report will be divided in three different sections. First, we will focus on Mr Nolan, Director of Welton, and Mr Perry, Neils father, as they both appear as strong authority figures in the movie. In a second part, we will present Mr Keatings personality and leadership as an alternative to the authority figures. In a last part, we will focus on the personality and leadership of three other main characters that are students: Charlie Dalton, Neil Perry and Todd Anderson. We will then conclude this report by an open discussion on some particular aspects of leadership. Authority figures Mr Nolan Mr Nolans personality and relationships with the students Mr Nolan is the Director of Welton. His mindset is based on the Four Pillars of Welton which are tradition, honour, discipline and excellence. He truly believes in these values and is programmed to execute them. He wants the values of the school to be strictly regarded by the students. They all must know the four Pillars and adhere to them. As we will see in the following paragraph, his personality is authoritarian and his leadership can be qualified as traditional and conservative. At the beginning of the movie, his speech as part of the Welton welcoming ceremony reflects his mindset: he has a formal, solemn and very rigid attitude. He represents the prestigious Welton School and has a mission: prepare boys for college. It is his vision as a leader. During the ceremony, we can see pride on his face, particularly when he announces: Last year we graduated 51. And more than 75% of those went on to the Ivy League. (03:10) Both Mr Nolan and the ceremony he leads are traditionalist and conservative. We immediately understand that there is no place for imagination, innovation and creativity in this school. Later on, when he meets some of the students at the end of the ceremony, we can see how important excellence is for him and how he subtly puts pressure on the boys: Mr Nolan to Todd: You have some big shoes to fill. Your brother was one of our finest (04:42) Mr Nolan to Neil : We expect great things from you this year (04:50) The major trait of his personality is authority. His authority shows up very clearly in the middle of movie (01:12:06) when he arrives in the teachers room. He is very irritated due to an article that was written in the Welton Honour (school journal) that he qualifies as profane. This word profane that he uses is very strong. He wants strict sanctions to punish the ones that have written this article. He is also very suspicious. He has full power in the school and he is sure to find the guilty persons shortly. He expects a denunciation. His aim is to track down the ones that have dared to disregard the rules and the principles of the school and, in the end, defied his authority. Mr Nolan uses repression to serve the schools values which illustrates some dictatorial behaviour. Mr Nolan uses corporal punishment as a leadership tool. For instance he beats Charlie Dalton who is the boy who had written the article and then had dared to challenge him in public. Mr Nolans relationship with Mr Keating Mr Nolan is suspicious towards Mr Keating and discreetly observes him while he is teaching outdoor (01:03:06). The dialogues between Mr Nolan and Mr Keating look like a cordial confrontation as we will explain below. Mr Nolan says to Mr Keating that he is older, has more experience, knows what education is and that he was teaching English as well  «Ã‚  (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) long before your time  Ã‚ » (01:15:25), which shows that he expects respect from Mr Keating. Mr Nolan is imposing his vision of education on Mr Keating who is new in the school. Mr Nolan uses the word  «Ã‚  unortodox  Ã‚ » to qualify Mr Keatings methods. Mr Keating does not seem impressed and is both polite and sarcastic when he answers to Mr Nolan: Well, your reprimand made quite an impression, Im sure (01:16:09). Mr Nolan is not dupe and changes tactics towards Mr Keating asking him more concrete questions on his class. Mr Keating explains his own vision of education and life. Mr Nolan is then able now to openly criticize Mr Keatings methods. Here follows a portion of the dialogue between the two characters illustrating the above: Keating: I have always thought the idea of education was to learn to think for yourself   (01:16:30). Nolan: At this boys age? Not on your life! Tradition, John. Discipline. Prepare them for college and the rest will take care of itself.  . This dialogue clearly shows that none can dispute Mr Nolans views on education at Welton. This discloses an autocratic leadership from Mr Nolan. All teachers must have the same vision. Mr Nolans behaviour shows some aspects of the transactional leadership model that we saw in class: when people have agreed to do a job, a part of the deal is that they cede all authority to their manager. That is what he wants Mr Keating to understand. Moreover, it is obvious for Mr Nolan that the prime purpose of a subordinate is to do what their manager tells them to do. There is no possible discussion. Mr Nolans leadership and honour After Neils death, Mr Nolan keeps his self-control. He wants to put a final point to this incident by finding an ideal guilty person. Such a serious incident must not soil his honour and the prestigious image of Welton. A guilty person responsible for this tragic event must be found. This will exonerate Welton. Mr Keating is for Mr Nolan the perfect scapegoat as his methods and way of thinking are too different from the schools principles. All over the film, Mr Nolan is still the same: authoritarian and dictatorial: He does not tolerate to be challenged. He cannot stand  «Ã‚  thinking different  Ã‚ ». There is no change from the start to the end of the movie. He steers a course and his objective his clear: to be Weltons servant and keep it in traditionalism and austerity to preserve its prestige. Mr Perry Mr Perry is Neils father. As we will see below, he can also be regarded as a strong authority figure. Mr Perry is a very strict man. He has a rigid behaviour both in his own way of life and in the way he educates his son. The way he wears, the severity of his face (when he is angry at his son) and some details like the way he carefully aligns his slippers on the ground when he goes to bed at the end of the move (1:38:27), reflect his mindset. His conception of life is based on strict order, discipline and planning. On the one hand, Mr Perry is very authoritarian with Neil: You do what I tell you, is that clear? (08:09) He commends Neil: I have spoken to Mr Nolan, youre taking too many extracurricular activities this semester. I have decided you must drop the annual school. (07:31) On the other hand, Mr Perry becomes gentler with his son only when Neil agrees with him If you need anything, let us know. In that way, Mr Perrys leadership towards Neil has some patterns of the transactional leadership: he has full authority on his son and Neil just has to obey him. If Neil obeys, his father offers him his support, if not, he is punished. More than authoritarian, the leaderships style of Mr Perry is dictatorial: Mr Perry does not listen to his son and imposes his own views to Neil without asking him his advice. He is uncompromising. For instance, he says to his son: Tomorrow, I am withdrawing you from Welton and enrolling you in Braden Military School. You are going to Harvard and youre gonna be a doctor. (1:36:20) Mr Perry does not understand his son. For instance, he says: You have wasted your time with this absurd acting business (1:18:52). It is like if Mr Perry and Neil were not speaking the same language: Mr Perrys language is based on reason and Neils language is based on passion. Mr Perry also behaves as if he was himself persecuted by his son why is it that you insist on defying us (1:36:10). For instance, he also says dont ever dispute me in public, do you understand (07:59). He uses blackmail you know how much this means to your mother, dont you (08:15). He wants his child to do the studies and have the carrier that he would have liked for himself I have made many sacrifices to get you here and you will not let me down (1:20:07). You have opportunities that I never even dreamt of and I am not going to let you waste them (1:36:41). The result of Mr Perrys leadership is that communication with his son is impossible. His son cannot see any exit to the situation, except suicide. An alternative to the authority figures: Mr John Keating A leader must have the courage to act against an experts advice. James Callaghan : thats what Mr. Keating does. He goes against the schools rules. John Keatings leadership has two sides: a charismatic one and also a visionary and entrepreneurial one. Charismatic leadership Charisma is a sparkle in people that money cant buy. Its an invisible energy with visible effects. Marianne Williamson John Keatings leadership is mostly based on his personality. He is dynamic, enthusiastic, very dedicated to his students and very excited about schooling. The least we can say is that he is a very eccentric teacher that contrasts with the schools strict atmosphere. He makes a strong impression on his first day of class. The first scene when he meets the students for the first time is very important for the future relation he will have with them. They are all expecting a strict work atmosphere and teacher, but instead of that John Keating gets in the classroom whistling. The way the students are staring at each others shows how surprised they are by John Keatings casual manner and apparent lack of concern. He is the master of orchestra, trying to get the best of everyone. He can be seen as a guide, a spiritual leader who is providing an alternative way of learning, usually a funnier one. He makes the students realize they are the actors of their own destiny and that they have to choose their path. He pushes the students to go find answers by themselves using words as find your own walk, strive to find your own voice, free up your mind ,dare to strike out and fine new ground (1:02:39). He seems to have a halo over his students, like a preacher. He believes in them and the students believe in him. Mr Keatings aim is that the students get more confidence in themselves and dare go further taking initiatives. The movies tagline He was their inspiration. He made their lives extraordinary also very well illustrates the charismatic leadership of Mr Keating. Entrepreneurs and visionary leadership Leadership is the capacity and will to rally men and women to a common purpose and the character which inspires confidence. Bernard Montgomery He is an entrepreneur: he has the guts to do things differently, to take initiatives. He is a risk taker. Indeed, instead of following 100 years of conventional education like his predecessors have done, he chooses an alternative: teach the students how to become free men and seize the day. He teaches in unconventional ways. For example, the first lesson is done outside the classroom. Mr Keating makes it like a game, more tempting and dynamic. Here is below a sample of the dialogue between Mr Keating and one of the students illustrating the above: Mr Keating: Why the author does use these lines? A student: Because hes in a hurry Mr Keating: No! Ding! Thank you for playing anyway! (13:57) Later on, he asks the students to rip out the pages of a literature book, which is unbelievable for the students. Doing this, Mr Keating wants to teach them that what is written in books is not always right and that they must think by themselves as free men. Mr Keatings relationship with the students Tell me, I will forget. Show me, I may remember. Involve me, I will understand. Chinese Proverb Mr Keating has a special way of teaching: he involves his students. Indeed, he has a strong conviction and belief that his students could do and be the best. He feels he has to fulfil a mission: to take to them far away, the further they can go. He just has to show them the way, which explains why he has a special bond with the students. The relation is based on trust, more than a teacher/ student relationship. The fact that the students are keen to follow him and play his game shows that he has succeeded in making this vision come true. As an alumni of this school, he, better than anyone else, knows what it is like to be in their position. We can assume that it is why he is trying to be different and wants his lessons to help the students in real life. He is a sensible and intuitive man: since the beginning, he is able to detect his students personality. He is very fast in getting the flaws of his students. He understands them and acts to help them develop their skills. This can be noticed in his behaviour with Todd. He sees that Todd needs some help. He detects Todds fear and takes actions to make Todd go beyond it: Mr Keating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I would kike you to compose a poem of your own, an original work. (Hes leaving the class and comes back a few seconds later) Mr Anderson. Dont think that I dont know that this assignment scares the hell out of you, you mole. (42:28) The limits of Mr Keatings leadership However, an unexpected event will put an end to Mr Keatings methods: the suicide of one of the students, Neil. Mr Keating is held responsible for Neils death by the Management of the school and is then dismissed. Mr Keatings objectives were to develop the students. However, he has had no control over them and their actions. He has proposed an appealing alternative of learning, but has not cleared up the negative possible consequences. We can think that he has been too idealist and that he has brought with him too many big changes in an organization whose values and objectives were totally different from his. For this reason, we can assume that Mr Keatings leadership was expected to probably fail one day or another. Portrait of three different leaders among the students Charlie Dalton Where he comes from Charlie evolves in the same religious school environment as his friends. This environment is very authoritarian. It is based on rules and habits that must be respected. We know that Charlie comes from a wealthy family and that his father is a banker. Charlies personality Charlie has a strong personality. He likes provocation and is sometimes a rebel. He is also the funny guy of the group. He is a happy-go-lucky person and can reveal himself thoughtless of the consequences of his actions. All over the film, there are examples showing his rebel side. We can see this trait of his personality very clearly when he announces to his friends that he has released an illegal article in the school journal. In this article, he pleaded for the admission of girls at Welton, which is by nature an insult to the Management of the school. Charlie does not see the consequences of his act, but his friends do. Following the release of this article, the Director of the School, Mr Nolan wants to find the guilty person and for this purpose he organizes a meeting with all the students. At the meeting, Charlie follows up his idea and defies the authority of Mr Nolan, pretending that he is receiving a call from God asking for the admission of girls:  «Ã‚  Welton Academy Hello  !   Yes, he is. Just a moment. Mr Nolan, its for you. Its God! Hey says we should have girls at Welton (1:13:07). He is also very proud. The scene that best shows his pride is just after he was kicked out by Mr Nolan as a punishment for the release of the article in the journal. As he is talking with his friends, he does not admit that he got hurt, but raises his head and reminds his friends of his warriors nickname Nuwanda (1:15:15). Charlie likes his new teacher, Mr Keating, not only because of his original vision of poetry, but also because Mr Keatings teaching methods make him free to experiment daring innovations. Charlie likes to experiment freedom. This is what we can see in the scene where Mr Keating asks the boys to walk in line. Charlie decides not to do the exercise saying to Mr Keating that he is Exercising the right not to walk (1:02:58). Mr Keating accepts Charlies position as he is precisely teaching the boys how to become free men. Charlies leadership At the beginning of the film, Charlie appears as a natural leader due to his personal traits: his is extravert, self-confident and impulsive. He has a sense of humour that the others appreciate. Because of his strong personality, his is the one that is noticed first in the group. He is the one who makes initiatives in the group. For instance, he is the first to hear Mr Keating and rip out the page of the poetry book: Mr Keating: Go on. Rip out the entire page. You heard me. Rip it outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Thank you, Mr Dalton (22:15). He also chooses his own nickname Nuwanda (1:05:50) as if he was an Indian warrior. He is the only one in the group to do that and the others seem to admire him for his creativity. This shows that he also has some charisma. Charlies strong personality remains constant all over the movie, but does not match with the austere and strict rules of the school. However, Mr Keatings class and methods allow Charlie to express himself more freely. Time after time, Charlies leadership over the group is getting less important because of Neils leadership that is showing up and growing. For instance, when Mr Keating asks the boys to stand up on the tables, Charlie is not the first to go, but Neil is. We can say that Charlie does not remain a strong leader in the students group because his friends do not always understand and agree on his behaviours. Charlie acts on his own without consulting his friends. The result is that Charlie appears as uncontrollable and as someone who can put himself and his friends in danger (he released an illegal article in the journal). Charlie has then not kept the others confidence and cannot be considered by the others as their leader. Neil Perry Neils personality Neil is also a student at Welton and is one of most important characters in the movie. He lives in an authoritarian and respectful environment not only at Welton but also at home. He is expected to be compliant with strict and heavy rules and obey the strong authority of his father and school. Like all the students at Welton, he is supposed to follow a detailed order built around the four values of Welton: discipline, excellence, tradition and honor. Neil is an enthusiastic and a dynamic boy. He is the initiator of the re-launch of the Dead Poets Society. Judging by the way he acts and talks, he is very determined and self confident. For instance, a lot of his sentences begin with I want. His excitement and passion show up very well when he decides to follow his vocation: drama. In the movie, we can see that Neils personality has three different sides. Each of these sides appears depending on his circle of acquaintances: Neil appears as submissive to his fathers authority, he is more like a leader in his own group and finally he has a special bond with Mr Keating. Neils relationship with his father Neils personality weakens in front of his father, who represents the family authority: Neil seems to become compliant and passive. He does not dare to face him up, or to tell him that he wants a path different from what his father expects. He has a whole life planned by his father. His fathers authority overwhelms Neil and Neil cannot fight with him, but only express his agreement. Here are two examples of his apparent obedience to his father: 1. Mr Perry: Youre taking too many extracurricular activities this semester, and Ive decided that you should drop the school annual [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Mr Perry: [..]. Dont you ever dispute me in public. Do you understand? Neil: Father, I wasnt disputing Mr Perry: After youve finished medical school and youre on your own, then you can do as you damn well please. But until then, you do as I tell you. Is it clear? Neil: Yes, Sir. Im sorry. (7:23) 2. Mr Perry : Dont you dare talk back to me. Its bad enough that youve wasted your time with this, this absurd acting business, but you deliberately deceived me. How did you expect to get away with this? Answer me. Who put you up to it? Was it this new man? Keating? However, we have noticed that there is a big difference between what he says to his father and the way he acts. Indeed, although it is difficult for Neil to tell his father what he wants for himself, he does not hesitate to write a false letter usurping his fathers signature in order to play in the drama in which he has a role. Neils relationship with his father contrasts with the one he develops with his teacher, Mr Keating. c) Neils relationship with Mr Keating One of the most interesting relationship in the movie is the one between Mr Keating and Neil, and more noteworthy the way it evolves. Neil is the first professors follower. He becomes totally fascinated by this teacher. Every time Mr Keating speaks, Neil is like captivated by Mr Keatings words. He admires him and considers him as a model with whom he can have free and confidential talks about his passions and dreams. Neil sees in his professor a mentor, teaching him how to live his life. He fully trusts his speech without questioning Mr Keatings mindset. d) Neils relationship with Todd Regarding his relation with Todd, Neil is like a mentor to him; he takes him under his protection and decides to help him live his life. Various scenes highlight the fact that Neil wants to help Todd by opening his mind to the world. For instance, Neil succeeds in convincing Todd to be part of the Dead Poets Society even if at first Todd does not want to because he does not want to take turn in reading. Neil does not want Todd to be excluded. He then offers to adapt the Dead Poets Society rules so that Todd does not have to read and feel comfortable in joining the Dead Poets Society. Here is a scene illustrating the above: Neil: Todd, are you coming tonight? Todd: No Neil: Why not? God, you were there. You heard Keating. Dont you want to do something about that? Todd: Yes, butà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Neil: But? But What? Todd: Keating said that everybody took turns reading, and I dont want to do that. Neil: Gosh, you really have a problem with that, dont you? Todd: No I dont have a problem. I just I dont want to do it, okay? Neil: All right. What if you didnt have to read? What if you just came and listened? Todd: Thats not how it works. Neil: Well, forget how it works. What if they said it was okay? Todd: What are you gonna go up and ask them? No Neil. Neil: I will be right back. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (30:47) In this scene, Neil pushes Todd to participate in the Dead Poets Society meeting. He could have just let him be alone but he wants him to come: he cares for him. Neil reproduces with Todd the same type of relationship that exists between Mr Keating and himself: He listens to his friend and tries to help him the same way Mr Keating listens and tries to help Neil. Neil maybe recognizes himself in Todd as a shy boy who does not dare to speak his minds. Indeed, Neil behaves the same way when he is in front of his father. Neil knows too much this feeling of weakness and just cannot let his friend like this. Finally Neil becomes a leader in his friends group thanks to his fascinated, enthusiastic and dynamic personality. He pushes his friends to rebuild the Dead Poet Society which makes him become a leader. e) Neils leadership Based on the characteristics of his personality as described above namely passion, enthusiasm and energy, we can say that Neil is a charismatic leader. He is the initiator of the re-launch of the Dead Poets Society and he has been able to communicate his energy to the other boys. Moreover he represents a model especially for Todd. He is also an entrepreneurial leader. Indeed, he is a risk taker who does not hesitate to break rules. Indeed, he rebuilds a society that is unauthorized and must remain secrete. He also writes a false letter to serve his objective which is play in a drama: he dares to take initiatives. He is also a relational leader who cares about developing the others skills particularly with Todd as we have explained in the above section. f) Neils evolution Leadership is a serving relationship that has the effect of facilitating human development. Ted Ward Mr Keatings leadership has revealed Neils personality: It evolves throughout the film. At first, we discover a person with an erased personality in front of the familys authority. Thanks to Mr Keating, Neil is going to develop his self-awareness and freedom of mind. This new awareness will lead him to position himself as leader in his friends group. Neil then becomes more passionate and dreamy. He fulfills his passion for drama thanks to the self-confidence he has developed. However, this personal development will not help him to speak up his mind to his father because he probably realizes that there is a too big difference between his fathers expectations and his own ones. He believes that communication with his father is just not possible and that he has no solution, but suicide. Todd Anderson Where he comes from Todd is a new student at Welton. His brother was himself a student at Welton before. Todds brother was one of the finest students and is remembered in everyones memory as an excellent student. As the Director of the School meets Todd for the first time, he says to Todd that he will have big shoes to fill. When Todd is introduced to Neils friends, one of them immediately refers to his brothers success: you are that Anderson! Valedictorian, National Merit Scholar (07:05). The strong image of his successful brother is difficult to cope with for Todd. Todd depreciates himself. This probably comes from the fact that his parents are completely focused on his brother and not sufficiently on Todd. For instance, each year Todd gets the same present from his parents for his birthday. As a result, Todd feels like abandoned by his parents. He feels like an outsider. This may illustrate the psychodynamic leadership theory: The parents have an influence on their childrens leadership when they are grown. Todds brother probably has had the esteem and confidence of his parents as the older son, which helped his development and success. Todd, the younger boy, probably has had less attention from his parents which has resulted in his lack of self-confidence. When he arrives at Welton, his family environment, and more especially his brother, is a heavy burden to cope with for Todd. Todds personality Todd is shy and introvert. He does not feel comfortable with others. He does not take any initiatives to make friends, but only responds to initiatives made by Neil and his friends. He is often on his own, studying at his desk. Todd lacks self-confidence and does not want to be noticed in a way or another. For instance, when Neil offers him to be part of the Dead Poets Society, Todd says no, noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Keating said that everybody took turns reading and I do not want to do that (30:58). He does not want Neil to ask the other boys if they would agree on the fact that Todd would not read. This shows that he wants to be transparent to others. He also has some self-awareness as he points out his weaknesses to Neil: I am not like you Neil, you say things and people listen, I am not like that (45:49). Todd sticks to the rules strictly that is how it works (31:20) he says about the rules of the Dead Poets Society. He does not explore creativity and is then not able to look at alternatives different from the existing framework. For Todd, the authority of the adults (parents, director and teachers) prevails over everything else. When Neil wants to write a false letter usurping his fathers signature, Todd says that it is impossible to do that. Instead, he tries to convince Neil to ask his father the right to be in a play. In doing this, he tries to protect Neil from any serious problem with his father: he will kill you if he finds out you went to an audition and did not tell him (44:38). On the one hand, due to his personality and family context, Todd does not dare things. He is very static and conformist. On the other hand, he is cautious and does not take any unconsidered risks. Todds relationships Todd develops a strong friendship with Neil. He admires his friend who has charisma, vision and creativity. Todd is considered by Neil, which is something Todd had lacked so far as his parents have been focused on his brother only. Todd seems to consider Neil as a mentor: He can talk with him of personal difficulties, and get boosted b